Therefore, depending on the region and the energy production potential, the construction of dams may also not make too much sense from an economic perspective. 2) Disrupts Local Ecosystems. This hinders the recovery of the Mesopotamian Marshes. The first is a nineteenth century dispute between the United States and Mexico over the water of the Rio Grande, which resulted in the production of the Harmon Doctrine. Disadvantages. [citation needed][dubious discuss]. Regular local water supply 6. Human rights of the indigenous communities ignored. The following story is part of series on Turkey's Ilisu Dam project and the flooding of Hasankeyf. Hydropower dams flood large areas, force people to relocate, threaten freshwater biodiversity, disrupt subsistence fisheries, and leave rivers dry substantially affecting the ecosystem. When complete, the Ilisu Dam will have a capacity of 1,200 MW, making it Turkey's fourth largest dam in size, and second biggest in generative capacity. They release greenhouse gases, destroy carbon sinks in wetlands and oceans, deprive ecosystems of nutrients, destroy habitats, increase sea levels, waste water and displace poor communities. Pros and cons of dams. High upfront capital costs. The Hexagon satellite image has a resolution of 24 feet, enough detail to see the small village by the Tigris River. [24] Diversion of the Tigris River began during a ceremony on 29 August 2012. Jan 5, 2015. So far the dam has contributed 51M$ energy towards economy. 1. xb```f`` @1XC aV3[-m j5k`Pri``PRn*e`~& 2edcZa7#f&21U30 i& 0 What are the pros and cons of building dams? The Turkish government began planning the dam in the 1950s as part of a larger regional development plan, the Southeastern Anatolia Project, which involved constructing 19 hydroelectric plants and 22 dams on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Turbine blades, located inside the dam structure, spin as water surges through the embankment. Rivers Network. 2. By using dams for energy production, the air is not polluted and also greenhouse gas emissions will be lower compared to the energy production with fossil fuels. Where the Tigris drains into the Persian Gulf in southern Iraq, the lower flow can cause saltwater intrusion from the Gulf. Cons of Dams 1) Displace a Significant Number of People 2) Disrupts Local Ecosystems 3) Can be Challenging to Maintain Conclusion Pros of Dams First of all, let's have a look at the pros of dams and these are as follows: 1) Provides Help to Retain our Water Supply Hydropower, or water power, is "power derived from the energy of falling water or fast running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes". The most terrifying threat the Islamic State posed to the region in terms of water security was when it briefly took over Iraqs Mosul Dam, the largest hydroelectric dam on the Tigris River, for ten days in 2014. In many regions the seasonal absence of rain has historically been compensated for by meltwater from glaciers and winter snowpack across international borders in distant mountain ranges. Once the dam is completed, villagers await the expected annual rain or rains that will carry streamwater to start filling in behind the dam. [3][4] As part of the project, the much smaller Cizre Dam is to be constructed downstream for irrigation and power. Should we build big dams give arguments in Favour of your answer? [30][31] In February 2018, construction on the dam was completed. When these glaciers disappear, so will the water supply during the dry season. Below, we'll explore these pros and cons in further detail. Global Water Initiative, Copyright 2023 The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. The stance of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin states and their seeming embrace of outdated and conflicting approaches to resource allocation are examined. <<8f5987308c73164e8ab95f30f2122663>]>> 0000006693 00000 n advantages and disadvantages of hydropower, lead to a significant ecological imbalance, water will become a quite scarce resource, Personal Brand vs. Corporate Brand: 24 Key Pros & Cons, 24 Key Pros & Cons Of Investing In (Retro) Video Games, 34 Major Pros & Cons Of Investing In Comic Books, Gold Bars vs. Gold Coins: 23 Precious Pros & Cons, 31 Cool Pros & Cons Of Owning A Classic Car, 24 Key Pros & Cons Of Unemployment Benefits, 32 Key Pros & Cons Of Investing In Trading Cards, 30 Precious Pros & Cons Of Investing In Art, Reservoir may be used for leisure activities. The Arabs who live in the marshes were seen as security threats by Saddam Hussein, who accused them of sheltering Shiite rebels. This form of renewable energy is pretty self explanatory. It could have destroyed large parts of Mosul and entire cities and towns further downstream, and picked up corpses and waste as it crashed through settlements, becoming a toxic, disease-bearing sludge by the time it reached southern Iraq. [17][18] Turkey's Electric Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIE) included 10 potential sites in its 1971 Tigris River Pre-Investigation Report. This is the decision of the state and the government." 0000000907 00000 n Since water will become so precious in the near future, dams may also become a political tool to control the local population. endstream endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<> endobj 24 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 25 0 obj<> endobj 26 0 obj<> endobj 27 0 obj<> endobj 28 0 obj<> endobj 29 0 obj<> endobj 30 0 obj<>stream Additionally, the responsibility of the international community for helping at risk communities maintain access to adequate water supplies cannot be overlooked. Another issue related to the construction of dams is that sedimentation patterns in rivers can be changed. The Ilisu Dam is 440 feet high and a mile wide. Atatrk Dam Unlike most of the other towns, however, Hasankeyf has been continuously inhabited for 12,000 years. Here are the pros and cons of hydropower: List of Pros of Hydropower. 0000006438 00000 n Dams should rather be considered as a long-term investment and also the decision regarding whether it makes sense to build those dams should be made by taking a long-term perspective rather than evaluating the project on a short-term gain basis. :sh:UYF$F| Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard. Basically, this method of power generation uses water, which is a free . The Ilisu Dams total installed power stands at 1,200 megawatts, making it Turkeys fourth-largest dam in terms of energy production. Dams might be thought of the structures that grant us with some form of protection from the flood, however, in the case of this structure's failure, overwhelming consequences results for the communities in the downstream, leading to the loss of thousands of life and property. For starters, dams are a key piece of our modern infrastructure and are critical for providing plenty of drinking water in the form of built-up reservoirs as well as helping to generate a significant amount of the world's electricity. Ilisu is Turkeys last major planned dam on the Tigris, and it has been controversial from the start. Beginning and Reasons. [41] Such impacts which might lead to the drainage of the Mesopotamian Marshes and destruction of its ecology system,[42][43] were part of the reasons to the emergence of a new wave of Iraqi protests, along with several other issues, especially in Basra Governorate. startxref Turkeys downstream neighbors say the dam will dramatically reduce the flow of the Tigris into Iraq and Syria, pointing to similar declines in river levels that ensued from previous Turkish dams. 1. Turkish River Homepage, Photo Because of this, the dam lost international funding in 2008. And why has the dam been controversial, ever since the idea of building it emerged? First, I will begin with the pros and all the things that dams can benefit us with. Preliminary construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GRD) began in April 2011 on the Blue Nile River near the Sudanese border. As these pressures increase, the need for effective legal regimes to address the sharing of transboundary watercourses likewise increases. In this article, the pros and cons of dams are examined. Both comments and pings are currently closed. [25] As of April 2014, the project is 60% complete while the resettlement of Hasankeyf is 73% complete. In general, dams are often quite problematic for aquatic life. The Atatrk Dam ( Turkish: Atatrk Baraj ), originally the Karababa Dam, is the third largest dam in the world and it is a zoned rock-fill dam with a central core [1] on the Euphrates River on the border of Adyaman Province and anlurfa Province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Water clean up 3. 4. 29 Crucial Pros & Cons of Dams 2022-10-28 Pros and cons of dams Rating: 5,8/10 1889 reviews Dams are structures that are built across rivers or other bodies of water in order to block the flow of water and create a reservoir behind the dam. From Neolithic settlements to medieval tombs and temples, the town is a living museum where some people alive today grew up in caves built into cliffs overlooking the Tigris. All works are expected to be completed in 2015. All Rights Reserved. [32] On 1 June 2018, the reservoir was to begin impoundment but was delayed until November then 2019 following another detail due to water shortages in Iraq. It uses simple, understandable technology 4. While the need for collaborative approaches to sharing transboundary watercourses is evident, barriers to such collaboration are complex and sometimes deeply entrenched. How should we decide when a dam should be built? Master naturalists consider pros and cons of dam removal in Grand Rapids. This ongoing availability is a huge factor when weighing the hydroelectric dams pros and cons. It is located on the Tigris river in South-East Anatolia, 65 km upstream of the Syrian and Iraqi border. How hydroelectric energy works. [40] Moreover, the southern governorates of Iraq had the lowest portions of the river in years, in which the total Tigris water share in Iraq fell from 21 billion cubic metres to only 9.7 billion cubic metres instead. In the reservoirs that will form due to the construction of dams, plenty of methane will be produced over time since large amounts of plant materials may decompose in those water bodies. Generating 1,200 megawatts of electricity, it's Turkey's fourth largest dam in terms of power generation. The following essay by Raquella Thaman is a summary ofher recently published monograph (under the same title), which appears in Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law. It is one of the 22 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project and its purpose is hydroelectric power production, flood control and water storage. The decline in water flow for the Tigris River can lower the water quality downstream, especially during a drought. Ms. Thaman is an attorney and teacher in California. The fourth chapter examines the water projects that affect the Tigris-Euphrates Basin including controversy surrounding Turkeys most recent filling of the Ilisu dam and the flooding of Hasankeyf. Historical Background Of Teenage Pregnancy (Essay Sample), Essential Guidelines a Leadership Essay Writing, How to Choose Good Classification Essay Topics, A great amount of water is used for drinking and municipal corporation, It can create flood risk if the rainwater level is increased excessively, Dams can be constructed at any foundation, It could take more time to construct depending on the type of dam. However, through the use of dams, a high fraction of those rainfalls can be stored in reservoirs, which takes away plenty of water and nearby villages will not have to suffer from floods too much anymore. Moving through the hydrologic cycle, each molecule may find its way from a transboundary watercourse on one continent to a municipal water supply on another, and then back again. Chapter one briefly introduces the hydrologic cycle and current state of Earths ecological systems underlying the need for new developments in international water law. Turkey's downstream neighbors say the dam will dramatically reduce the flow of the Tigris into Iraq and Syria, pointing to similar declines in river levels that ensued from previous Turkish dams. Since farmers will have access to plenty of water for irrigation purposes, their plants can grow in an ideal manner and yields can be maximized. Nevertheless, let's see the definition of hydropower. Large dams have the potential to save the country from critical food shortages. 0000002548 00000 n The fate of historic town of Hasankeyf has gotten some international attention, why? Dam construction must be started when river levels are low. The Ilisu Dam near the town of Ilisu in the South-Eastern part of Turkey was central to your reporting. The cost of the project is a billion and 200 million dollars. Over 12,000 people are expected to be affected by the dam. In some cases, the existing law governing the utilization of this ephemeral resource has proven inadequate to prevent conflict and ensure access to water and its benefits for people and ecosystems no matter where they lie along the length of the watercourse. Excessive levels of algae often lead to lower levels of oxygen in the water, which in turn can hurt many aquatic animals. Research Scheduled for completion in 2014, it is planned to be the biggest hydropower dam in Africa, with more than twice the generating capacity of the Aswan High Dam. In 1930, Turkey started its plans to construct the Ilisu Dam, and in late 2006, the Turkish government laid the foundation stone, only 50 km away from the Iraqi and about 45 km from the Syrian border. Flood control 10. The Southeastern Anatolian Project was set up to eliminate regional development disparities. The Ilisu dam, part of the Southeast Anatolian project (Gap) and one of Turkey's largest hydroelectric projects to date, has been mired in controversy ever since it was first drafted in 1954 . The complaint was submitted in 2019 by the Kazdagi Association for Protecting Natural and Cultural Heritage on the construction of the Ilisu Dam HPP in Turkey. However, pressure from environmental and human rights groups have often halted this process. Several days later a worker was killed in his home by suspected PKK militants. It is one of the 22 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project and its purpose is hydroelectric power production, flood control and water storage. When operational, the dam will support a 1,200 MW power station and will form a 10.4 billion m3 reservoir. [21] In February 2010, it was announced that loans had been granted and the project would continue. What has happened as a result of the dams in Turkey being built? UN provisions, - First of all, dams are efficient in storing water, especially rain water, whereas rivers simply flow into larger oceans, seas and lakes and all the water collected is . On the one hand, plenty of work is needed in order to plan and construct a dam. Dams have a variety of purposes, including energy generation, irrigation purposes, the creation of habitats for the local flora and fauna or the construction of reservoirs for leisure activities. 3) Can be Challenging to Maintain. Iraq has also been adversely affected by dam projects and agricultural developments in Iran. [22] On 15 July 2010, Andritz Hydro lifted a temporary suspension on supplying parts to the project and announced it would provide the six 200 MW Francis turbines for the power plant. Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. When it has, Iraqi officials estimate it will reduce the downstream flow of the river by at least half, allowing more salty water to flood into the river from the Persian Gulf in southern Iraq. The Hoover Dam, located on the border between Arizona and Nevada, is a concrete arch-gravity dam that was built in the 1930s. The Ilisu Dam is 440 feet high and a mile wide. However, deforestation is known to be quite harmful to our environment since large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted into the air when forests are cleared. Therefore, dams can also be quite beneficial in order to assure the supply of goods for the local population. Pros of Dams. Due to rainfall, the dam has achieved water levels up to 100m above the river bed and stored 5 billion cubic meters of water. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Browse 479 ilisu dam stock photos and images available or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Together with a severe drought that has afflicted the region for the past decade, this decline in the quantity and quality of Tigris River water is expected to strangle Iraqi agriculture and hobble the recovery of the Mesopotamian Marshes, vast wetlands in southern Iraq where Sumerian civilization began. Another advantage of dams is that they can protect locals from serious floods. Since through the construction of dams, the water flows can be changed to a certain extent, dams can also be a great tool to create waterways for transportation purposes. For instance, fishes often have to travel quite long distances upstream in order to mate. The second chapter is an overview of the Tigris-Euphrates river basin including its hydro-geography, climate and early history of water use. The water level had reached an elevation of 498.2m on 1 April 2020. Therefore, the construction of dams can also be a way to reduce unemployment and poverty, especially in poor developing countries of our planet where the economic infrastructure is often quite bad and where well-paying jobs are rare. [45][46], "Ilsu Dam Environmental Impact Assessment", "Court Case Could Slow Turkish Dam Project", "Hima Mesopotamia: Travels in Jordan 2013: Ilusu Dam", "Hima Mesopotamia: Travels in Jordan 2013: Chronology of the Ilusu Dam Project", "Sorrow and hope as dam starts submerging historic town of Hasankeyf", "Turkey starts filling huge Tigris river dam, activists say", "Water volume in Ilisu Dam 5 billion cubic metre", "Cumhurbakan Erdoan aln yapt: Ilsu Baraj'nda elektrik retimi balad", "Turkey starts generating power from controversial Ilisu dam", "Turkey's Ilsu Dam generates $51M for national economy in 3 months", "DSI X. The project is extremely controversial for a variety of political, social, environmental, economic, and archeological reasons. l8&D />_&D:RjYb_Lt]5Y4K/M@ =EcMjiGh6)#0m,>S/KQg6y htQ/z|qOuZF}2T]u)L(|joI4-@A6G<. Pros of hydroelectric power 1. Hydropower is one of the most promising alternative energy sources and hydropower plants can produce more energy than a nuclear power plant. Water Productivity, Water Quality, Water Scarcity. Despite the governments assurance that the reservoir will become a center for water sports and tourists will flock to the archeological park, Hasankeyfs residents are deeply concerned about how to earn a living and keep their local economy afloat in the new Hasankeyf. - Privacy Policy, Q&A with Maria Rossetti, the 2021 Winner of the GWI Graduate Water Symposium, The Flint Lead Crisis is One Example of How Electrochemistry Impacts Clean Water Availability, Jonathan Overpeck on Drought in the Colorado Basin, Executive Education & Lifelong Learning Blog, Institute for Business in Society at Darden. There are several advantages to the Hoover Dam. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',144,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-banner-1-0');Apart from the energy production aspect, dams also provide us with reservoirs which may be suitable for plenty of joyful leisure activities. At our current point in time, the construction of dams can cost many billions of USD since it involves the use of large amounts of material. The problem with frequent flooding that threatened the Yangtze delta every summer was eliminated. One important advantage of dams is that they enable us to produce large amounts of energy. The originally planned Mosul Dam watershed (with an area of 54 900 km 2 ) has . Declassified satellite imagery reveals a now-inundated village, Koctepe, just above the location of the Ilisu Dam. It will be 15m (49ft) wide at its crest and 610m (2,001ft) wide at its base. The third example outlines the problem of downstream hydro-hegemony in the dispute between Ethiopia and Egypt, its downstream neighbor on the Nile, over the building of Ethiopias Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Iraq hosts hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees as well as millions of internally displaced Iraqis. The construction of dams can also lead to the creation of many jobs. When Islamic State militants briefly had control over it, there was frenzied speculation about what would happen if they blew it up, unleashing the 11 billion-cubic-meter reservoir in a catastrophic wave. The area will be underwater when the Ilisu dam project comes online. What is advantage and disadvantage of dam? Water storage crest level was 513m on 19 April 2020. The dam will have an overflow spillway on its right bank which will be controlled by eight radial gates which will pour into four chutes before the water reaches a plunge pool. [17] Ilsu was selected as the preferred site for geological reasons. The fate of the Mesopotamian Marshes of Iraq provides us with a case study on the functional deficits of the existing body of international water law in managing conflict over transboundary watercourses. However, due to global warming, water will become a quite scarce resource in the future and people may literally fight over water in the near future. Julia Harte, a DC-based journalist for Reuters, gave a public lecture at UVA on October 25th2017. As we have seen before, the construction of dams can be quite demanding and time-intensive. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_6',146,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');Thus, during the week, there will be not much time for relaxing and it may therefore be especially important for those people to leave the city on weekends and to enjoy their time at those recreational reservoirs in order to relax and get back some mental power in order to stay healthy in the long run. %%EOF Hydropower facilities support other uses Cons of hydroelectric power 1. The Ilisu Dam is the most recent in a long line of Turkish projects meant to tap into the hydroelectric potential of both the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and once completed the Ilisu Dam will generate 1,200 MW, or roughly 2% of Turkey's energy needs. The town, which sits on the banks of the Tigris River in southeast Turkey, will be inundated as part of the construction of the Ilisu Dam, which will produce power for the region. Aswan Dam Pros and Cons. This monograph argues that international collaboration over transboundary watercourses is imperative for maintaining peace and stability and should force us into thinking of new ways to address these newly emerging and growing challenges in the field. Turkey stated that construction would start again in July 2009. [36] This figure excludes vacant settlements, which will also be inundated. The modern residents of Hasankeyf will have to move to a state-built settlement on an arid hillside high above the river. Why did Turkey build the Ilisu Dam? The hydroelectric dam will impound the waters of the Tigris, harnessing the water for energy and irrigation purposes through a reservoir roughly the size of 58 and a half American football fields. These experts may also be quite rare and municipalities may have a hard time finding the right staff to operate those dams, especially in regions where education levels are rather low. This picture taken on February 23 shows an aerial view of the Ilisu dam which will flood 199 villages and the ancient town of Hasankeyf, in Turkey's. The dam was already in bad shape due to erosion and the fact that it was built on soluble rock. Finally, other approaches to managing conflict over ecological conditions are examined including a brief analysis of the Rhine Salt Case and the human right to water recognized by the UN General Assembly in 2010. Dams have harmed our wildlife and made rivers less useful for recreation.. Archeologists are still discovering new artifacts in the town the most recent Neolithic settlement was unearthed in September and they estimate that most of Hasankeyfs archeological sites will be flooded before they can be excavated. Thus, especially in times of droughts, there might be plenty of conflicts regarding how water flows should be altered by dams. For instance, if too many fishes are no longer able to reproduce since they are no longer be able to travel to their mating area, chances are that their prey will explode in population, which may in turn significantly decrease water quality. It is the latest in a long-running project by Turkey to build 22 dams and power plants along the Tigris and the Euphrates that, according to a report by the French International Office for Water,. Due to a growing economy, Turkish energy consumption has risen by 46% since the year 2000. A 110m (361ft) long temporary bridge was constructed upstream of the dam site which is supported by 30 sections of steel pipe. Why is the dam being built? For instance, many people in our nowadays society suffer from high stress levels since they have a quite demanding job and have to work long hours while also having to take care of their kids. From the previous analysis, it has become clear that there are many upsides related to dams and that they can be quite important and useful in certain regions. The main use of hydropower is in hydroelectric generators. After finishing university, I traveled around the world. Three examples of conflict over transboundary watercourses, one historical and two current, are then provided in order to illuminate some of the barriers to collaboration. Subscribe to the Global Water Blog e-newsletter. The Ilisu Dam and its Impact on the Mesopotamian Marshes of Iraq: Implications for the Future Directions of International Water Law The following essay by Raquella Thaman is a summary of her recently published monograph (under the same title), which appears in Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law . In June 2009, after failing to meet the standards, the European firms officially cut the funding for the Ilsu Dam Project. [20], To avoid inflation and other economic repercussions, the Turkish Government has often sought outside assistance to fund the Ilsu Dam Project. HWMchHq=tP4Vh__fV!vLD#DV/_{6Dj~|F'$JMfh:HmFh4b0?|UFj[Y4r?[QV,~? Environmental Conscience aims to provide unique high-quality content that is helpful to the reader. Iraq has also been adversely affected by dam projects and agricultural developments in international law. To sharing transboundary watercourses is evident, barriers to such collaboration are complex and sometimes deeply.. 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Global water Initiative, Copyright 2023 the Rector and Visitors of the dam been controversial from the.. A concrete arch-gravity dam that was built in the marshes were seen security. On 1 April 2020 sedimentation patterns in rivers can be quite demanding and time-intensive the River dam... Of sheltering Shiite rebels hurt many aquatic animals and why has the dam site is... It is located on the dam been controversial, ever since the year 2000 excludes vacant settlements which! Ilisu dam is 440 feet high and a mile wide PKK militants was completed regional disparities. Benefit us with 21 ] in February 2018, construction on the one hand, plenty of is! Ll explore these pros and all the things that dams can be changed that is to! Ll explore these pros and cons of hydropower is one of the Tigris-Euphrates River Basin its. This method of power generation uses water, which is a huge factor when weighing the hydroelectric dams pros all! 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